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Know linux Linux Linux essentials:
•It's free for download but you have to pay a tiny bit to mail order it or
buy it from a company. If you're getting Linux for more than 2-3 PCs, you
can also get training and support at a small free, if you choose to have it.
Else it's the Linux community on the Net to your rescue. •If you want to get
comfortable with Linux, you don't have to let go of windows. Get Linux
installed on a seprate partition and you can switch between Windows and
Linux. There are some Linux versions that run off CDs too-xandross and
Knoppix. •You don't have to be a geek to work with Linux. There are Desktop
environments that let you work in Linux as you work in Linux as you would in
Windows.
Linux hand in decreasing PC prices. The PCs bundle the operating system.
Linux being an open source operating system, means that the code that runs
is open for everyone to see, work with, modify and develop their own
innovative apps for it. The deal with this experimentation is that you have
to share the knowledge you gained and the software you created with the
public domain. So the operating system comes to you for free, or if there
are some copyrighted application on it, you play up a bit. But this is
nothing compared to the fortune people spend on OSs like windows. And a
company bundles Linux and applications based on it with a computer, quite a
bit of the software cost comes down.
Linux came into being about 11 years ago- it was developed by Linux Tornados
of Finland along with a group of programmers from the open source software
movement. Linux was mostly something only the geeks worked with. And yes, it
was mostly about commands and programming. But over the years with so many
Linux enthusiasts (about 50 million of them) working on it and sharing
knowledge about it, quite a few versions have come up which are as easy to
use as windows. And developers are still free to work with code and enhance
it.
Linux is growing steadily year after year. With a passionate community
backing it, with big companies Like IBM and HP pledging their support for
it, it's no wonder Linux- the wonder operating system for servers of the
past, has also made it to the desktops of today. Not in a sweeping way yet,
but in ways that will help you -the user. PC prices are already on their way
down. And you get more choice with operating systems and applications. From
being an OS only computer professionals had heard about, Linux, in a short
time, has made a transition into the lucrative and high profile home PC
segment. Most of the decision to switchover sounds very economical. From a
measly base of a few thousand users, Linux now boasts of close to 50 million
users, cracking the monolith of Microsoft's monopoly. Companies like IBM, HP
and Dell have also taken to Linux in a big way. Microsoft doesn't agree with
the free concept at all-the software is free but the support isn't Windows
code to outsiders so they could build on to it. Very recently though, the
company has allowed part of the code to be opened up to some US government
are vying with each other to get tech-savvy and help the citizens through
e-governance, the opening up of the OS code is important, countries like
India need a variety of regional language fonts and content to be created
which can't done without Microsoft's help, if the choice is Windows. Since
this isn't happening much, they have gone ahead with adopting Linux.
Linux is based on the commercial OS, UNIX. All the OSs tries to pack in
command line management of systems. System administrators of companies use
command lines all the times as their lifeline, but it's not really meant for
regulars users. But UNIX and Linux are not all about just command line
stuff. UNIX has had a graphical user interface for 30 years. In its 11 years
Linux has always had always had a GUI too-in fact a choice of GUIs.
Linux Versions: If there are so many people working on it. There's likely to
be many Linux versions too. Many companies working on Linux have come up
with what are called Linux distributions. There are Linux versions that are
compiled and packaged and released with various additional software. The
popular distributions or destroys include Red Hat Linux Mandrake Linux,
Corel Linux SUSE Linux and Debian . it's just like having different flavors
of ice cream. True to the spirit of open source, if you download the distro
from the company's Website, it is free for use. But the distros are usally
quite huge. If you are getting the distorts from the company, be ready to
pay up a tiny bit. Companies compile the packages, make installation hassle
free, bundle applications, add a manual, and extend any support you need. So
they charge a fee for all this.
One note here though: the free in Linux stands for freedom of choice, to
redistribute, to install a feature, freedom to modify the source code.
That's the spirit of Linux being free.
Linux better than other OS
Linux users won't even bat an eyelid before they say an emphasis comes from
a deep dislike of Microsoft's practice of changing the earth for software.
But a lot of it comes from the fact they are ready to swear upon-that Linux
is more stable. There are no blue screens and no viruses to speak of. Linux
has a better security support for multi-users, lets you set up a stable
server, internet gateways etc, and still lets it-self to be used as a
desktop workstation. Add to that it being free, and they argue that you
don't lose anything by giving it a try. You get free support on the Net
quickly on any query you may have. And you don't even have to wipe out your
Windows. Just get Linux on a different hard disk partition and free to
switch between the OSs as you please .
Myths about Linux
Installation: Linux is hard to install, isn't it? Not really. Most people
haven't ever installed Windows on their computers either-since it comes
preloaded. Linux is as easy-some say easier-to install compared to Windows.
You can install it through a graphical user interface like Windows. But what
really stumps most people in installing Linux on a second partition on their
hard disk, when they want to be able to use both operating systems.
A partition is a way of organizing space on your hard disk by creating
virtual sections that are separate from each other. Most computers that are
running Windows or MS DOS have one large chunk of space holding the OS. This
space is the C drive. If you have a large hard disk, it's likely that it has
been divided up into smaller bits called partitions to help you organize
your data better. These partitions are usually called D:, E: etc. you could
have Linux on any of these.
Windows 98 creates a file system called FAT32 on the entire hard disk, DOS
and Win95 use FAT16. Linux has many file systems-on the most popular is
ext3. But you could have Linux installed on Fat32 partitions also.
Linux is geeky and based on text command
Linux has come a long way from being the system of geeks. It has an
extremely advanced X Windows systems that has a complete graphical user
interface-you know, like Windows. It also has a large number of window
manager that let you work with different levels of customization of your
desktop. Linux has a robust character-cell interface where commands need to
be typed in. x Windows is a free program that runs with Linux to provide a
GUI where the mouse and keyboard can be used extensively. But the X system
itself is quite primitive and needs a window manager, or a desktop
environment- like GNOME or KDE- to be really usable. Window managers are
programs that let you interact with the underlying X system and LinuxOS by
relaying commands. The popular window managers are Sawfish, Enlightenment,
Black box, after step and Window maker. As for desktop managers, they have
their own window manager and other tools that make you feel that you are
working in Window! GNOME and KDE are the most popular of these. GNOME stands
for GNU Network Model Environment and KDE for K desktop Environment. They
have tools that allow drag and drop, have panels and taskbar- almost like
clones of windows.
Hardware compatibility problem and few applications that run on Linux
Well, most new distributions will detect and configure your hardware in a
jiffy, unless you have some really old or exotic piece of hardware. Only Win
modems (internal modems driven by Window drivers) face problems.
As for software, there's plenty. And most of it comes free-free for you to
use, modify and configure according to your needs. Other packages are
commercial and you have to buy the software-but this is mostly for the
software and training you need, and not for the support and training you
need, and not for the software itself. Sometimes, if you have the Windows
version (as a doom) you can download a small program that will allow you to
play the game in Linux. Here what's available? Office suites: Star Office,
Open Office, Applixware, Corel WordPerfect Graphics: GIMP, Corel Photo paint
Music: XMMS, Free amp, Real Player Video: MTV, Xine Games: FreeCiv, Tux
racer, Doom, Quake, Heretic, Unreal And the list is growing.
Linux varieties:
•Debian : One of the oldest and still most popular distros is Debian. This
Project is a voluntary effort of a team of programmers who developed the GNU
system. Debian is not very easy to install, and that has been its problem,
Debian also has its own software comes with a. DEB extension. Updating and
installing new software is very easy. The applications bundled with Debian
are great for even a power user. •RedHat: Probably the most popular and in
many ways the leading distro. It's currently in version 8. The installation
and configuration is easy. A blue curve file manager and the default GNOME
desktop make it look simply stunning. It comes with a host of tools that
allow usage as a server and as a workstation. The Red Hat Package Manger(RPM)
format developed by Red Hat has almost become the defector for software
distribution in Linux world. Installing new software is a breeze. It also
has an advanced and easy font management system that makes fonts in X
Windows look cool. But being the leader comes at a price. Red Hat charges a
little more than others for its istro. •Mandrake: Mandrake Linux is now in
its 9 version. This distro can be installed on a native Windows Partition
using the Lin4Win tool, but this may slow the machine down. It also lets you
do a traditional Linux install into its own dedicated partition. Mandrake's
configuration and software installation is painless. It follows a slightly
modified RPM architecture called mdk.rpm but most Red Hat software can also
be used for Mandrake. The outstanding feature in this distro is the
collection of window managers-eye-candy freaks will have a great time. •SUSE
: From Germany comes the Chameleon Distro, SUSE. Now in its 8.1 avatar, it
has one of the most extensive software packages compiled, and getting them
installed is easy with yast (Yet another Software Tool) which gives a
centralized interface from where you can pick and choose the software to be
installed. Among other things, SUSE comes with some stunning 3D games that
showcase Linux's gamming prowess. •Corel/Xandross : Corel entered the Linux
distro market with Corel Linux a few years ago. Now it has merged into
Xandross OS, which is based on Corel Linux. This is a Debian-type distro,
and can be installed without much fuss after resizing the Windows partition.
Xandross contains Crossover office, which is a refined retail version of
WINE that lets you install and run many Microsoft apps.
Windows applications in Linux
Some applications have been ported over to Linux, other run with a program
called WINE (Wine is Not an Emulator). Crossover, commercially available
software also lets you use your Windows programs Linux. VMWare is another
program that lets you run Windows under Linux.
Bottom Line:
The cool thing about Linux is that most software is free, and you can
legitimately use them without worrying about piracy. If you're worried that
Linux won't look as pretty as windows can, all you have to do is check out
some of the cool Linux interfaces and Window managers. But you don't find a
lot of multimedia titles for Linux. And if you're into a lot of these,
Windows in the way to go. So if you have a PC that runs both, you can easily
switch between the two, and get the best of both worlds.
About the Author
Pawan bangar, Technical Director, Birbals, India. www.birbals.com
www.ebirbals.com www.hbirbals.com www.seobirbals.com
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